The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to seal a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.